Scottish History: Time Line



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Scottish History: Time Line

Some Events in Scottish History as a Time Line

-5000BC

First people in Scotland are hunter gatherers along the coasts. Inland the country is dense forest

-4000BC

First farmers begin to clear forests, grow cereals and keep animals

from
2000BC~

Copper and bronze are being used

-400BC~

Brochs and Duns - defensive stone 'castles' built

-117~

Ninth Roman Legion destroyed in Galloway

-122

Work begins on Hadrian's Wall across Northumbria just across 'the border' in England

-142~

Antonine Wall built Clyde to Forth

-211

Severus pulls out. Dies on way south at York. Romans don't return in force

-430

St Ninian, a Briton brings Christianity to S Scotland

-6thC

Scots, Celts from Ireland arrive in West

-563

Iona religious centre founded by Columba

-700~

Celtic Church is replaced by Roman

780
to
820

Norwegian settlement of Shetland, Orkney and Caithness

-843

The Scots king Kenneth obtains the Pictish throne

-1034

Scotland unites under Duncan I

-1040

Macbeth replaces Duncan & rules until 1057

-1130~

David I (1124-53) establishes Anglo Norman families and a fuedal system

-1263

Alexander III defeats Haco of Norway at Largs. Hebrides and I. of Man ceded to Scotland

1286
to
1314

'Political crisis' with unclear succession after death of Margeret and imperialist aims of Edward I of England

-1296

Edward of England steals 'a stone' from Scone

-1297

William Wallace's greatest hour, the battle of Stirling Bridge

-1306

Robert I (the Bruce) crowned king

-1314

Robert I has a particularly good mid-summer's day at Bannockburn

-1320

Declaration of Arbroath, confirmation of Scottish Statehood in a letter to the Pope (which later strongly influences the US Declaration of Independence)

-1410

First University founded at St Andrews

-15thC

Scotland becomes a significant trading nation with Netherlands and the Baltic states

-16thC

More and more Scots adopting Protestant Calvinist views

-1513

Disasterous battle of Flodden in which James IV dies against Henry VIII of England

-1561

Catholic Mary I (M Q of Scots) returns from France and begins power struggle with Protestant nobles. Catholic mass is illegal in Scotland at the time except in Mary's private quarters

-1568

Mary I flees to England

-1603

James VI inherits England

-1642

Civil war within England. Scotland has no obligation to become involved in the war.

-1644

Scotland enters English war on Parliament side in return for Presbyterian Protestant system in England (which never happens)

-1644

Marquis of Montrose begins vicious & largely unsupported Royalist campaign in Scotland

-1650

Invasion and occupation of Scotland by Oliver Cromwell of England

-1660

Charles II restored and threatens Presbyterian Church causing a series of religious wars

-1685

James VII crowned but seen to threaten Protestantism further

-1688

Crown offered to Willian IV (of Orange) and Mary.

-1692

Massacre of Glencoe on William's orders to 'make and example'

1698
to
1700

Darien Venture to colonise Panama as trading base. Spanish claim territory and William IV prevents English Carribean help being given. Scotland bankrupt encouraging Union with England.

-1707

Scottish & English parliaments and economies unite

-1715

Jacobite Highland uprising to restore James VII

-1744

First golf club formed in Edinburgh.

-1745

Jacobite uprising with Prince Charles Edward Stuart

-1746

Battle of Culloden and the beginning of decades of Highland suppression

-1770

Work begins to make Glasgow reachable from sea. Eventually becoming 2nd city of British Empire

-1786

'Model' textile complex and industrial community at New Lanark

early
19thC

The Scottish Highlands change dramatically in the Clearances. Huge flocks of sheep replace most of the population and their way of life

-1812

Comet, the first steam ship launched on the Cldye

-1842

Glasgow / Edinburgh railway opens

-1843

Massive 'walk out' and Free Church of Scotland forms

-1879

Tay Rail Bridge collapses with a train, 150 die

-1887

Scottish Office, Scotland's 'government' opens

-1890

Forth Rail Bridge opens

1914
to
1918

The Great War - death and maiming of a whole generation.

-1919

Tanks used to suppress Red Clydeside riots

-1920s

The Great Depression follows a short boom

-1929

Most Scottish Protestant Churches eventually join again

1939
to
1945

Second World War

-1949

2.5M Scots sign Covenant supporting Home Rule

-1964

Forth Road Bridge opens

-1974

Scottish National Party win 11 seats in parliament

-1975

Scotland becomes a oil producing country

-1998

Scottish people vote overhelmingly for own parliament with limited powers within the UK

-2004

Scotland ... where to now .....?

	Some Events in Scottish History as a Time Line
	-5000BC	First people in Scotland are hunter gatherers along the coasts. Inland the country is dense forest
	-4000BC	First farmers begin to clear forests, grow cereals and keep animals
	from 2000BC~	Copper and bronze are being used
	-400BC~	Brochs and Duns - defensive stone 'castles' built
	-117~	Ninth Roman Legion destroyed in Galloway
	-122	Work begins on Hadrian's Wall across Northumbria just across 'the border' in England
	-142~	Antonine Wall built Clyde to Forth
	-211	Severus pulls out. Dies on way south at York. Romans don't return in force
	-430	St Ninian, a Briton brings Christianity to S Scotland
	-6thC	Scots, Celts from Ireland arrive in West
	-563	Iona religious centre founded by Columba
	-700~	Celtic Church is replaced by Roman
	780 to 820	Norwegian settlement of Shetland, Orkney and Caithness
	-843	The Scots king Kenneth obtains the Pictish throne
	-1034	Scotland unites under Duncan I
	-1040	Macbeth replaces Duncan & rules until 1057
	-1130~	David I (1124-53) establishes Anglo Norman families and a fuedal system
	-1263	Alexander III defeats Haco of Norway at Largs. Hebrides and I. of Man ceded to Scotland
	1286 to 1314	'Political crisis' with unclear succession after death of Margeret and imperialist aims of Edward I of England
	-1296	Edward of England steals 'a stone' from Scone
	-1297	William Wallace's greatest hour, the battle of Stirling Bridge
	-1306	Robert I (the Bruce) crowned king
	-1314	Robert I has a particularly good mid-summer's day at Bannockburn
	-1320	Declaration of Arbroath, confirmation of Scottish Statehood in a letter to the Pope (which later strongly influences the US Declaration of Independence)
	-1410	First University founded at St Andrews
	-15thC	Scotland becomes a significant trading nation with Netherlands and the Baltic states
	-16thC	More and more Scots adopting Protestant Calvinist views
	-1513	Disasterous battle of Flodden in which James IV dies against Henry VIII of England
	-1561	Catholic Mary I (M Q of Scots) returns from France and begins power struggle with Protestant nobles. Catholic mass is illegal in Scotland at the time except in Mary's private quarters
	-1568	Mary I flees to England
	-1603	James VI inherits England
	-1642	Civil war within England. Scotland has no obligation to become involved in the war.
	-1644	Scotland enters English war on Parliament side in return for Presbyterian Protestant system in England (which never happens)
	-1644	Marquis of Montrose begins vicious & largely unsupported Royalist campaign in Scotland
	-1650	Invasion and occupation of Scotland by Oliver Cromwell of England
	-1660	Charles II restored and threatens Presbyterian Church causing a series of religious wars
	-1685	James VII crowned but seen to threaten Protestantism further
	-1688	Crown offered to Willian IV (of Orange) and Mary.
	-1692	Massacre of Glencoe on William's orders to 'make and example'
	1698 to 1700	Darien Venture to colonise Panama as trading base. Spanish claim territory and William IV prevents English Carribean help being given. Scotland bankrupt encouraging Union with England.
	-1707	Scottish & English parliaments and economies unite
	-1715	Jacobite Highland uprising to restore James VII
	-1744	First golf club formed in Edinburgh.
	-1745	Jacobite uprising with Prince Charles Edward Stuart
	-1746	Battle of Culloden and the beginning of decades of Highland suppression
	-1770	Work begins to make Glasgow reachable from sea. Eventually becoming 2nd city of British Empire
	-1786	'Model' textile complex and industrial community at New Lanark
	early 19thC	The Scottish Highlands change dramatically in the Clearances. Huge flocks of sheep replace most of the population and their way of life
	-1812	Comet, the first steam ship launched on the Cldye
	-1842	Glasgow / Edinburgh railway opens
	-1843	Massive 'walk out' and Free Church of Scotland forms
	-1879	Tay Rail Bridge collapses with a train, 150 die
	-1887	Scottish Office, Scotland's 'government' opens
	-1890	Forth Rail Bridge opens
	1914 to 1918	The Great War - death and maiming of a whole generation.
	-1919	Tanks used to suppress Red Clydeside riots
	-1920s	The Great Depression follows a short boom
	-1929	Most Scottish Protestant Churches eventually join again
	1939 to 1945	Second World War
	-1949	2.5M Scots sign Covenant supporting Home Rule
	-1964	Forth Road Bridge opens
	-1974	Scottish National Party win 11 seats in parliament
	-1975	Scotland becomes a oil producing country
	-1998	Scottish people vote overhelmingly for own parliament with limited powers within the UK
-2004	Scotland ... where to now .....?